Rotation serves as a pivotal control parameter for QCD matter, yet effective models and lattice QCD yield conflicting predictions regarding its effect on the deconfinement transition. Using a rotation-magnetic correspondence within a holographic framework, we investigate the rotational response of pure gluonic matter. Calibrated against lattice QCD data at imaginary angular velocity, we find...
Based on effective models (the Friedberg-Lee model, the quark-meson model, the Polyakov quark-meson model and the parity doublet model), the bubble nucleation dynamics and gravitational wave spectrum from first-order QCD phase transitions will be addressed. Our results will offer a novel probe of the origin of chiral phase transition through gravitational wave astronomy.
We show that accelerated systems exhibit a novel dissipative transport effect, driven by the gravitational trace anomaly. Unlike other famous anomalous effects, it is dissipative and manifests itself in shear viscosity, and originates from quantum entanglement across the Rindler horizon.
To this end, we explicitly derive using Kubo formulas the shear and bulk viscosities - the entanglement...
In relativistic heavy-ion collisions, the relative motion of heavy quarkonium with respect to the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) induces spin alignment. Our previous work attributed this to a repopulation of quarkonium's spin components, an effect rooted in the spin degree of freedom. Here we reveal a complementary mechanism, which operates at the orbital level: the relative motion between...
The observation of global polarization of $\Lambda$ hyperons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions has motivated the development of various theoretical frameworks to describe spin polarization in strongly interacting matter. One such framework is spin hydrodynamics, in which spin degrees of freedom are incorporated as hydrodynamic variables, thereby allowing the dynamics of angular momentum to...
Exploring the QCD phase transition is one of the most important goals in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The Beam Energy Scan Program at RHIC has revealed a preliminary non-monotonic behavior of net-proton multiplicity fluctuations with increasing collision energy [1], which is consistent with theoretical predictions [2].
However, the quark-gluon plasma created in relativistic heavy-ion...
Magnetic-field effects have been extensively studied in a variety of contexts, including their influence on the dynamics of heavy-ion collisions and the stabilization of certain inhomogeneous phases against thermal fluctuations. This motivates us to ask how magnetic fields affect the moat regime, which has recently attracted increasing attention as a precursor to inhomogeneous phases because...
We investigate spin hydrodynamic properties with an focus on entropy production for massive spin 1/2 particles. We consider particle collisions both with and without the influence of chiral anomalies such as the chiral magnetic or vortical effects, encoded by Berry curvature. This manifests as a spatial shift ($\Delta$). In doing so we first define and entropy that makes use of the matrix...
We generalize the Wigner-function description of a relativistic gas of massive particles in local equilibrium to Fermi-Dirac statistics for spin-1/2 [1] and Bose-Einstein statistics for spin-1 [2]. We derive the corresponding thermodynamic currents and show that, up to second order in polarization, the resulting energy-momentum and spin tensors agree with those obtained for Boltzmann...
Charge separation along the magnetic field as expected from the chiral magnetic effect (CME) has been studied in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\text{NN}}} = 200$ GeV at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider.
It is quantified by the charge- and reaction plane (RP)-dependent azimuthal correlator $\Delta\gamma$.
The elliptic-flow-induced background is removed from the measurements by comparing...
We investigate a rotating quantum system subjected to a co-aligned external magnetic field. The gauge-invariant kinetic angular momentum is of particular importance because as the thermodynamic conjugate of the angular velocity, it determines the equilibrium state. Its relevance is further motivated by experimental observations of extreme fluid vorticity in heavy-ion collisions. We develop a...
In this talk we introduce magnetic topological insulators as a condensed-matter laboratory for exploring extensions of axion electrodynamics beyond its conventional relativistic formulation. The low-energy electronic structure of these systems is described by massive Dirac fermions coupled to electromagnetic and other symmetry-breaking background fields, providing a direct field-theoretic...
Some effects of weak magnetic fields on meson and constituent quark interactions and dynamics are presented at the one loop level within the Weinberg's large Nc effective field theory, and extensions, by considering a dynamical approach. The magnetic field corrections to coupling constants are found to have linear or quadratic dependence on the magnetic field, i.e. $(eB)^n$ for $n=1,2$....
We present an ab initio computation of the full nonequilibrium correction to the Wigner function of a generally interacting scalar field at freeze-out, assuming an initial state in local thermodynamic equilibrium within the framework of quantum statistical mechanics. In the hydrodynamic regime, we identify a previously overlooked dissipative memory term, proportional to the difference between...
The study of the effect of rotation in strongly-interacting matter has drawn a lot of attention in the theoretical community, due to its relevance for heavy-ion collision experiments. Lattice simulations in the presence of rotation are commonly carried out by changing to a corotating frame, which amounts to modifying the metric. As a preparation for simulating QCD using this formalism, we...
We present a study of the out-of-equilibrium properties of the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME) and the Chiral Separation Effect (CSE), both from the perturbation theory and lattice QCD perspectives. We discuss the analytic result of the retarded correlators and spectral functions of these effects at 1-loop in perturbation theory, generalizing the calculation to finite spatial momentum. The...
Differential hyperon spin correlations may provide a new window into local chiral dynamics in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. In this talk, we study ΛΛ̄ spin correlations in Au+Au collisions at √sₙₙ = 200 GeV using AMPT supplemented with a chiral anomaly transport (CAT) module. The framework incorporates hyperon polarization induced by thermal vorticity, shear effects, and a finite axial...
In this work, we explore a Bemfica--Disconzi--Noronha--Kovtun (BDNK)-type formulation of relativistic magnetohydrodynamics, providing a causal and stable first-order description of dissipative fluids. We derive coupled evolution equations for the temperature and magnetic field in a boost-invariant Bjorken background, restricting to $(0+1)$D dynamics while retaining all relevant first-order...
Spin or internal angular momentum (AM) is a fundamental property of a particle (or a generic system), and is of quantum nature. As is known to all, spin is closely related to both quantum statistics for particle distributions (e.g. the Fermi-Dirac distributions for fermions) and the Pauli exclusion principle, laying down the basic foundation for atomic structures and the evolution of the...
During non-central ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, the colliding nuclei carry a large global angular momentum. A part of this angular momentum is believed to be transferred to the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) medium leading to the spin polarization/alignment of the final state particles such as $\Lambda, K^{*}, \phi$. While the spin polarization of $\Lambda$ hyperons along global angular...
Quark-gluon plasma created in heavy-ion collision experiments is affected by relativistic rotation and strong acceleration, which influence its properties. In this report, we present a lattice study of the confinement-deconfinement phase transition in rotating and accelerating gluodynamics. We find that under the influence of these extreme conditions, the finite-temperature...
We propose that the anisotropic particle distributions in heavy ion collisions can induce a non-vanishing spin alignment of vector meson. We investigate this effect in the production processes of $\phi$ and $K^{*0}$ mesons. For both $\phi$ and $K^{*0}$ produced via S wave scattering, a negative $\delta\rho_{00}$ of order $10^{-3}$ is observed, whose absolute value increases in a more...
Spin polarization, as a novel method for detecting the rotational properties of QGP which are produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, has attractd great interest. We study the impact of parton spin polarization on the effective transport and thermodynamic coefficients and the QCD critical point in non central light- and heavy-ion collisions. By employing the novel kinetic theory method,...
The polarization of Λ hyperons provides a sensitive probe of the space-time structure of the quark-gluon plasma, and in particular of the gradients of the hydrodynamic fields. Longitudinal polarization is especially sensitive to the interplay between vorticity, shear, and transport properties such as the bulk viscosity. In this talk, we review a model based on (3+1)D average event viscous...
The spin polarization of the Lambda hyperon in low-energy Au-Au collisions can be generated by nonlocal nucleon-nucleon scattering. We introduce a wave packet for the incoming nucleons to describe the nonlocal collision. Using the chiral perturbation theory, We calculate the spin-dependent cross section with the approximations that the width of the wave packet is small and the collision energy...
In this talk, I will show that a polarized nucleon generically carries a spin-aligned dipole distribution of QCD topological charge, despite having zero total topological charge. This structure follows model-independently from the symmetry properties of the local topological charge density. Through the anomalous flavor-singlet axial Ward identity, its dipole strength is directly related to the...
We investigate the $U(1)_{A}$ symmetry and the chiral separation effect (CSE) in the presence of a strong background magnetic field within the three-flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model. To incorporate the inverse magnetic catalysis (IMC) effect, we introduce a magnetic-field-dependent scalar coupling $G_{s}(eB)$. We evaluate the susceptibility splittings $\chi_{\pi_{0}}-\chi_{\delta_{0}}$...
When describing particle collisions, we usually approximate the initial-state particles as plane waves. The fact that in reality they are wave packets does not usually play any role. However, the past two decades witnessed the emergence of a new intriguing class of wave packets called vortex states. A photon, an electron, or any other particle prepared in a vortex state is characterized by...
