The 16th Workshop on QCD Phase Transition and Relativistic Heavy-Ion Physics (QPT 2025)

While the spin polarization of hyperons and the spin alignment of vector mesons become a hot topic in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, the spin dynamics in intermediate-energy heavy-ion collisions has attracted little attention. Starting from the spin-dependent Boltzmann-Vlasov equation, we have derived the spin-dependent equations of motion for nucleons, and developed a spin- and...

The existence of neutron stars provide us with a challenge and a
possibility to study strong interaction, too. At the center of
neutron stars the densities can reach 6-8 times the normal nuclear densities,
and these densities cannot be studied in terrestrial experiments.
Therefore, it provides us with constraints for the properties of the cold,
dense strongly interacting matter.
The...

Using the TRENTo-3D initial condition model coupled with (3+1)-dimensional CLVisc hydrodynamic simulations, we systematically investigate the left-right splitting of elliptic flow ($\Delta v_{2}$) for soft particles in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Our study reveals that the final distribution characteristics of $\Delta v_{2}$ are primarily depend on the odd flow harmonics and $v_{2}$...

The Cooling-Storage-Ring External-target Experiment (CEE) at Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL) is designed to study the properties of nuclear matter created in heavy-ion collisions at a few hundred MeV/$u$ to 1 GeV/$u$ beam energies, facilitating the research of quantum chromodynamics phase structure in the high-baryon-density region.
Collective flow is one of the most important...

Neutral and charged vector mesons can exhibit sensitivity to isospin-violating phenomena arising from Landau level splitting when a strong magnetic field ($B$) is present in a QCD medium [1]. A possible case involves the neutral $K^{*0}$ ($d\bar{s}$) and the charged $K^{*+}$ ($u\bar{s}$), which are close in mass and share the same isospin, yet their constituent quarks possess different...

The QGP fireball is a temporally fast-evolving and spatially highly nonuniform system. Instantaneously, the spatial temperature gradients are huge and will have significant influence on the spatial distribution of QCD order parameter and its correlations, but related studies are inadequate.
Based on the local equilibrium assumption and the Markov assumption, we will discuss the phase...

Particle correlations are powerful tools for studying quantum chromodynamics in hadron collisions. In heavy-ion collisions, azimuthal angular correlations probe collective phenomena in hot, dense, nuclear media, such as QGP. The LHCb experiment has the ability to study particle correlations in high-energy hadron collisions at forward rapidity, complementing the results from other experiments....

We have implemented the 3+1 dimensional CLVisc hydrodynamics model with \trento-3D initial conditions to investigate the spin polarization of $\Lambda$ hyperons along the beam direction in p+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 8.16$ TeV. Following our previous theoretical framework based on quantum kinetic theory, we consider three different scenarios: $\Lambda$ equilibrium, $s$ quark...

In this talk, I will present the application of machine learning in holographic QCD. By incorporating the equation of state and baryon number susceptibility data, we leverage machine learning techniques to construct a holographic model capable of predicting the location of the critical endpoint (CEP). Furthermore, we enhance the model using Bayesian inference, providing a refined CEP...

With the new heavy-ion collision facilities at FAIR (CBM) and HIAF (CEE+) being nearly completed, the experimental researches in the high baryon density region of QCD phase diagram are entering the precision physics era. There is in turn a great demand on the first-principles QCD computations in theory, in order to have a clear understanding on the observational signatures in experiments.
To...

Ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions create the quark–gluon plasma (QGP) known as the hottest, least viscous, and most vortical fluid ever produced in terrestrial laboratories. Its vortical structure has been uncovered through the spin polarization of Lambda ($\Lambda$) hyperons, attributed to the spin–orbit coupling that transfers the system’s orbital angular momentum to the quark spin,...

Shear and bulk viscosities are two key transport coefficients that characterize the fundamental properties of quark-gluon plasma.They quantify the response of the energy-momentum tensor to shear flow and divergent flow,serving as crucial input parameters for the phenomenological and transport models that interpret experimental data, such as the elliptic flow $v_2$.
$\quad$ However,...

The shape and orientation of colliding nuclei play a crucial role in determining the initial conditions of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), which influence key observables such as anisotropic and radial flow. In this talk, we present the measurements of $v_n$, $p_{\rm T}$ fluctuation, and $v_n-p_{\rm T}$ correlations in isobar-like $^{238}$U+$^{238}$U and $^{197}$Au+$^{197}$Au collisions at...

In this talk, we demonstrate how quantum kinetic theory governs chiral and spin effects in global equilibrium. By extending the framework from constant to varying electromagnetic fields, we show that previously undetermined chiral and spin effects induced by vorticity and electromagnetic fields can now be further pinned down.

To better understand recent predictions on the moat regime of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) matter, this paper extends the previous work within the two-flavor quark-meson (QM) model to the more realistic 2+1 flavor Polyakov-quark-meson (PQM) model. Mainly, two effects are further taken into account: strange quark and confinement coded through Polyakov loop. Model parameters are chosen to...

The quark anomalous magnetic moments (AMMs) are investigated in a 2-flavor low-energy effective theory within the functional renormalization group (FRG) approach under an external magnetic field. The Schwinger formalism is adopted for quark propagators, and Fierz-complete four-quark scatterings are self-consistently included through the renormalization group flows. We find that the quark AMMs...

Understanding the impact of nuclear structure in high-energy nuclear collisions is critical to advancing our knowledge of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) formation. In this study, we investigate the role of nuclear clustering, in particular the alpha-cluster structure in $^{16}\rm{O}$, using anisotropic flow observations from $^{16}\rm{O}+^{16}\rm{O}$ collisions at RHIC energy. Through systematic...

We discuss Dirac fermions under the coexistent rotation and strong magnetic field called the magnetovortical matter. The partition function for this system is constructed based on thermodynamic stability and gauge invariance [1]. We show that the orbital contribution to bulk thermodynamics dominates over the conventional contribution from anomaly-related spin effects found in Ref. [2]. This...

Due to their weak coupling to the strongly interacting matter produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, dileptons serve as a sensitive probe of the initial geometry of the colliding nuclei. In this study, we investigate the influence of initial nuclear quadrupole deformation, characterized by the parameter β2, on dilepton production in U+U collisions at √sNN = 193 GeV. The analysis is...

The detection of the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME) in relativistic heavy-ion collisions remains challenging due to substantial background contributions that obscure the expected signal. In this Letter, we present a novel machine learning approach for constructing optimized observables that significantly enhance CME detection capabilities. By parameterizing generic observables constructed from...

Searching for the QCD critical end point is one of the most important topic. In this work, we present the study of net-proton cumulants and factorial cumulants in Au+Au collisions from the RHIC-STAR Beam Energy Scan Phase-II program. Careful event and track selections, with efficiency and systematic corrections, yield high-precision results across energies, centralities, and kinematic windows....

Measurements of collective flow in intermediate size collisions such as OO and NeNe are crucial for understanding the origin of collectivity in small systems and its evolution with collision system size. Furthermore, they are crucial for probing the possible exotic nuclear structure of the nucleus. With data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, charged particles $v_{n}$(n=2,3) are...

In relativistic high-energy heavy-ion collisions, the chiral magnetic effect (CME) could produce a charge separation in quark gluon plasma (QGP) and remain in the final hadron system during evolution, observed as the correlator . However, in collisions, the background effect makes a significant contribution. Therefore, we propose to study the contribution of CME to through collisions.
We...

The ALICE collaboration published the first measurement of the skewness and kurtosis of mean pT fluctuations, which can constrain the initial state of ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions. In this paper, we investigate the higher-order mean pT fluctuations using a multiphase transport model for three different collision systems: pp collision at 5.02 TeV, Pb+Pb collision at 5.02 TeV and Xe+Xe...

In this talk, based on the problem and physics-oriented approach, combined with our knowledge of relativistic kinetic theory, we present for the first time the invariant Lie algebra admitted by the relativistic Boltzmann equation, from which the group invariant transformations can be constructed. As the immediate application of this Lie algebra, we demonstrate that in the case of hard sphere...

The early thermalization puzzle—stemming from the unexpectedly early success of hydrodynamics in describing the quark–gluon plasma (QGP)—remains a central open question in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. To address this,we develop a new theoretical framework, the spectral BBGKY hierarchy, which is analytically equivalent to the Liouville equation and preserves time-reversal invariance...

Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), the fundamental theory of the strong interaction, governs the behavior of quarks and gluons. Heavy quarks (charm and bottom) hold unique value in strong interaction research: their large masses ensure production is dominantly governed by perturbative QCD, while the formation mechanisms of heavy quarkonium states (e.g., J/ψ) inherently span QCD's perturbative and...

The medium modification of jet substructure in hot and dense nuclear matter has garnered significant interest from the heavy-ion physics community in recent years. Measurements of inclusive jets show an angular narrowing in nucleus-nucleus collisions, while recent CMS results for photon-tagged jets ($\gamma$+jets) suggest evidence of broadening. In this study, we conduct a theoretical analysis...

The chromomagneto monopoles, an excitation of the non-Abelian gauge field that carries chromomagnetic charge, are believed to be important in explaining confinement in vacuum and the strong coupling nature around the confinement-deconfinement transition temperature ($T_c$). The chromomagneto monopoles have been found to be a solution to the long-standing puzzle that one cannot simultaneously...

Within the framework of a Langevin dynamics model for heavy quarks in a hot and dense medium, combined with a sequential coalescence +fragmentation hadronization scenario which let the $D_{\rm s}$ meson produced earlier than the other hadron, we systematically calculate the Pb+Pb yield spectra of $D_s$, $D^0$, and $\Lambda^+_{c}$, the yield ratios $D_s/D^0$ and $\Lambda^+_{c}/D^0$, and their...

The thermalization of quark-gluon plasma created in heavy-ion collisions is crucial for understanding its behavior as a relativistic fluid and the thermodynamic properties of the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). This study investigates the role of fluctuations in the relationship between transverse momentum and particle multiplicity, with a particular focus on their impact on extracting the QCD...

We present a comprehensive study of multiplicity distributions in QCD jets at the LHC. Our analysis combines pQCD calculations within the Double Logarithmic Approximation (DLA) and modified DLA (MDLA), together with comparisons to ATLAS data and PYTHIA simulations. We provide the first direct verification of KNO scaling for both quark- and gluon-initiated jets within the DLA framework by...

This work presents a comprehensive theoretical investigation into the influence of nuclear microstructure, specifically nucleon-nucleon (NN) correlations and α-cluster structures, on initial-state fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions. By establishing a direct link between nuclear structure details and experimentally measurable observables, we provide crucial theoretical predictions for...

In this talk, I will introduce our recent work on the productions of charmonium and exotic hadrons in pp collisions at the LHC energies as well as in $e^+e^-$ collisions at the BESIII energy using the PACIAE model.

Recent CMS results reveal that jets with extremely high multiplicity exhibit novel substructure patterns not seen in ordinary jets, including long-range correlations. However, standard Monte Carlo tools struggle to access this regime due to its rarity and complexity. In this work, we develop a theoretical framework to study high-multiplicity jets, incorporating both multiplicity evolution and...

We present a machine learning–based framework for modeling temperature-dependent non-perturbative quantities in the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), aimed at improving predictions for heavy quarkonia suppression in high-energy nuclear collisions. Deep neural networks are trained on lattice data to extract temperature profiles of the Debye screening mass $m_D(T)$ and the QCD running coupling...

The Drell-S${\rm\ddot{o}ding}$ mechanism, which describes non-resonant pair production via linearly polarized virtual photons in ultra-peripheral heavy-ion collisions, arises from the coherent superposition of contributions from both colliding nuclei. The angular momentum of the system is imprinted in the orbital angular momentum of the produced pair, leading to quantum entanglement between...

We present a comprehensive investigation of the heavy quarkonium dynamics in the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), including the dissociation caused by dynamical scatterings off the medium partons and the regeneration from the unbound single heavy quarks. The dissociation cross sections and transition rates for both 2->2 leading-order (gluo-dissociation) and 2->3 next-to-leading order (partonic...

Significant progress, particularly in holography, has clarified how rapidly two-point functions hydrodynamize after a quench. Motivated by non-Gaussian observables relevant to the QCD critical-point program, we ask: how do higher-point functions hydrodynamize relative to two-point functions? We propose two conjectures that organize the ordering and scaling of hydrodynamization times across...

Particles associated with the jet will be deflected from their initial direction due to the scatterings with the thermal partons flowing in the QGP fluid. Such deflections lead to an intra-jet asymmetry coupled with flow, which we can use to extract the properties of the QGP medium. This work calculates the intra-jet asymmetry distribution in both transverse and longitudinal directions and...

Event-by-event mean transverse momentum fluctuations () serve as a sensitive probe of initial state overlap geometry and energy density fluctuations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We present a systematic investigation of fluctuations in Au+Au collisions at 3.0–19.6 GeV, examining their centrality and energy dependence with the framework of an improved multiphase transport...

Quarkonium production provides a powerful probe of the deconfinement of strongly interacting matter in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. Because the binding potential of heavy quark--antiquark pairs is screened in the quark--gluon plasma (QGP), measurements of quarkonium yields and polarization can reveal the onset and properties of this deconfined medium. For the J/$\psi$ meson, a bound...

This work presents the first theoretical investigation of the medium modification of jet broadening as an event-shape observable in multijet final states due to jet quenching in high-energy nuclear collisions. The partonic spectrum of $pp$ collisions with next-to-leading order (NLO) accuracy at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 5.02$ TeV is provided by the POWHEG+PYTHIA8 event generator, and the...

The talk presents our preliminary estimates of heavy flavor (HF) quark energy loss during its propagation through the non-equilibrated medium formed in minimum bias proton-proton (p+p) collisions at LHC energies. The study is inspired by the ongoing hot debates on whether tiny droplets of Quark-Gluon Plasma can be created in collisions of small systems. In this work, we assume that the...

In high-energy proton-proton (pp) collisions at the LHC, non-prompt charm hadrons, originating from beauty hadron decays, provide a valuable probe for beauty quark dynamics, particularly at low transverse momentum ($p_T$) where direct beauty measurements are challenging. We employ the A Multi-Phase Transport (AMPT) model in its string-melting mode to simulate these processes in pp collisions...

We present a new derivation of relativistic canonical-like second-order spin hydrodynamics from Zubarev's non-equilibrium statistical operator. We obtain relaxation equations for dissipative fluxes, including the shear stress tensor, bulk viscous pressure, charge-diffusion currents, rotational stress tensor, boost heat vector, and spin tensor-related dissipative current. Furthermore, we...

We present the first calculation of charmed baryon decay constants using 2+1 flavor gauge ensembles with lattice spacings ranging from 0.05 to 0.1 fm and pion masses between 136 and 310 MeV. Under SU(3) flavor symmetry, we construct the charmed baryon interpolating operators and compute the corresponding hadronic matrix elements to extract the bare decay constants for each ensemble. The...

Onset of hydrodynamics in the hot medium created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions is a crucial theoretical question. Addressing this problem in a first-principle manner, requires areal-time, non-perturbative simulation of a large scale quantum system, as hydrodynamic behavior emerges only when approaching the continuum limit. The exponentially large Hilbert space of quantum states...

Particle azimuthal anisotropies inside jets, defined within the momentum plane perpendicular to the jet axis, carry the information of the QCD cascade process for jet formation. In this work, we propose to measure the medium-induced modifications of the elliptic anisotropy inside jets in relativistic heavy-ion collisions to provide novel insight into the jet quenching phenomenon. By simulating...

Jet quenching is studied in a background magnetic field and a finite baryon chemical potential. The production of energetic partons is calculated using the next-to-leading order (NLO) perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (pQCD) parton model, while the parton energy loss formula is obtained from the AdS/CFT correspondence incorporating the magnetic field and baryon chemical potential effects....

In relativistic heavy-ion collisions, the production of J/$\psi$ serves as an important probe for studying the properties of quark-gluon plasma (QGP). However, interpreting the modi-fication of J/$\psi$ yields is challenging due to the interplay of hot, such as dissociation and regeneration, and cold nuclear matter effects. Measuring J/$\psi$ production across various collision systems and...

The early-stage thermalization of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) is important process in high energy collision. However, our understanding of thermalization of isolated quantum systems in this stage stills remains limited. This talk aims to explore QGP thermalization from the perspective of entropy in isolated many-body quantum systems. To solve the long-standing problem of the entropy paradox...

One of the central goals of the RHIC Beam Energy Scan is to identify the transition from ordinary hadronic matter to the Quark–Gluon Plasma (QGP). Elliptic flow ($v_2$), which reflects the azimuthal anisotropy of particle emission, serves as a sensitive probe of collectivity and the active degrees of freedom of the medium. Over the past two decades, systematic studies of collectivity across...

At leading order in QCD coupling constant, we compute the energy loss per traveling distance of a heavy quark $dE/dz$ from elastic scattering off thermal quarks and gluons at a temperature $T$, including the thermal perturbative description of soft scatterings and a perturbative QCD-based calculation for hard collisions. We re-derive the analytic formula for $dE/dz$ in the high-energy...

We study the two-flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model under the rotation and chiral chemical potential μ5. First, the influence of chiral imbalance on the chiral phase transition in the Tpc − ω plane is investigated.
And then by incorporating AMM at the quark level, we find that AMM significantly alters the magnetic field dependence of constituent quark masses, inducing first-order phase...

Exploring the QCD phase transition is one of the most important goals in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The Beam Energy Scan Program at RHIC has revealed a preliminary non-monotonic behavior of net-proton multiplicity fluctuations with increasing collision energy [1], which is consistent with theoretical predictions [2].

However, the quark-gluon plasma created in relativistic heavy-ion...

Heavy quark production in high-energy collisions is a sensitive probe of QCD and nuclear matter effects. Open heavy-flavor hadrons and quarkonium states provide complementary insights into initial-state effects, such as nuclear parton distribution modifications and parton energy loss, as well as final-state effects like medium interactions and possible Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) formation....

Heavy-ion collisions provide a unique environment to study nucleon-nucleon ($N$-$N$) and hyperon-nucleon ($Y$-$N$) interactions, as well as the production mechanisms and structure of light (hyper)nuclei. Two-particle correlations at small relative momenta serve as a powerful tool, carrying rich information about the space-time evolution of the particle-emitting source and the effects of...

We study the S-wave interactions between the nucleon ($N$) and the triply charmed Omega baryon ($\Omega_{\mathrm{ccc}}$) using (2+1)-flavor lattice QCD with a physical pion mass ($m_\pi \simeq 137.1$ MeV) on a lattice volume $\simeq (8.1~\mathrm{fm})^3$.
The charm quark is implemented with a relativistic heavy-quark action at its physical mass.
Employing the time-dependent HAL QCD method,...

Dibaryons, exotic states composed of six quarks, have long been a subject of interest in understanding the strong interaction beyond conventional hadrons. Among these, strange dibaryons, which contain strange quarks, offer an important role of studying the hyperon-nucleon ($YN$) and hyperon-hyperon ($YY$) interactions . Of particular interest are the spin-0 $H$ ($S$ = -2) and the spin-2...

We constructed the matrix model under real rotation $\omega$ in a cylinder of radius $R$, with $R \omega<1$ to preserve causality, by using the background field effective theory. Based on this new matrix model, we investigated the confinement/deconfinement phase transition in $SU(3)$ and $SU(2)$ gauge theories. Our results indicate that a phase transition can occur as long as the...

Directed flow $v_1$ has been used to probe early dynamics in high-energy nuclear collisions. The vector meson $\phi(s \overline{s})$, with a mass comparable to that of light baryons, exhibits a small interaction cross section with other hadrons. Therefore, the measurement of $\phi$-meson directed flow $v_1$ provides clean access to the early collision dynamics and the production mechanisms of...

The properties of bound states are fundamental to hadronic spectroscopy and play a central role in the transition from hadronic matter to a quark-gluon plasma (QGP). In a strongly coupled QGP (sQGP), the interplay of temperature, binding energy and large collisional widths of the partons poses formidable challenges in evaluating the in-medium properties of hadronic states and their eventual...

In this work, we propose an effective action for the quark-meson model incorporating all (pseudo)scalar and (axial)vector mesons based on chiral symmetry. Within the framework of the functional renormalization group (FRG), we conduct a systematic study of the model. By deriving and solving the flow equation for the effective potential, we calculate the curvature masses of mesons at finite...

We perform 2+1D simulations of anisotropic hydrodynamics (aHydro) under boost-invariant and
conformal conditions. Comparing both aHydro and traditional hydrodynamics to kinetic theory
in the relaxation-time approximation as the underlying microscopic theory, we show that aHydro
provides a superior description of the evolution across a wide range of opacity, effectively extending
the...

We present a neural network-based quasi-particle model to separate the contributions of chromo-electric and chromo-magnetic gluons. Using dual residual networks, we extract temperature-dependent masses from SU(3) lattice thermodynamic data of pressure and trace anomaly. After incorporating physics regularizations, the trained models reproduce lattice results with high accuracy over $T/T_c \in...

Both ALICE and CMS collaboration report precision measurements of nuclear suppression and collective flow of heavy flavor hadrons at low and intermediate transverse momentum region in PbPb collisions, which drives the theoretical development of the non-perturbative scatterings between heavy quarks and QGP medium. Aim at this, we have improved the LBT model by re-evaluating the heavy quark...

Nuclear modifications to parton distribution functions provide an essential baseline for disentangling final-state nuclear matter effects in high-energy nuclear collisions. However, determining the explicit form of the modification factors $r^{\textrm{A}}_i(x,Q^2)$ through global analyses remains challenging, partly due to their complex relationships with observables. In this talk, we...

We study the productions of $\Lambda$-hypernuclei $^3_{\Lambda}$H, $^4_{\Lambda}$H, $^4_{\Lambda}$He and $\Omega$-hypernuclei $H(p\Omega^-)$, $H(n\Omega^-)$, $H(pn\Omega^-)$ in the coalescence mechanism in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Considering the abundance and great importance of baryons and light (hyper-)nuclei on the collision dynamics, we include not only nucleon$+\Lambda$...

Heavy-ion collisions (HICs) serve as a unique experimental tool for investigating the properties of nuclear matter under extreme conditions in the laboratory. At HIRFL-CSR energies, HICs can produce nuclear matter at densities reaching 2–3 times the normal nuclear saturation density. The HIRFL-CSR External-target Experiment (CEE) is a large-acceptance spectrometer specifically designed to...

Fragmentation functions (FFs) are crucial non-perturbative inputs in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) for predicting hadron production cross sections in high-energy scattering processes. In this talk, we present recent progress on global fits of FFs by the Non-perturbative Physics Collaboration (NPC). Our analyses incorporate a comprehensive set of precision measurements, including data from the...

The $\Lambda$ binding energy difference, which is called the charge symmetry breaking in the ground states of a pair of A = 4 hypernuclei, ${\rm _{\Lambda}^4H}$ and ${\rm _{\Lambda}^4He}$, was measured to be $\Delta B_{\Lambda}^4(0_{g.s.}^{+})\approx 350~$keV in nuclear emulsion experiments in the 1970s. In the 2015 and 2016 experiments from J-PARC and A1 collaboration, the binding energy...

The critical endpoint (CEP) in the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) phase diagram may act as a thermalization point, drawing non-equilibrium systems toward thermodynamic equilibrium. Using transport and gap equations from the NJL model, we show that QCD matter perturbed by velocity fields near the first-order phase transition line evolves toward the CEP. Simulations confirm this attractor...

In this paper, we consider the Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton holographic model for light quarks with nonzero magnetic field and chemical potential. First, we study the phase diagrams in $T-\mu$ and $T-B$ planes. We observe inverse magnetic catalysis which is consistent with the lattice QCD results. We discuss the influence of the magnetic field and chemical potential on the location of the critical...

Hypernuclei are bound nuclear systems of nucleons and hyperons. The hypernuclei production mechanism in heavy-ion collisions remains not fully understood. In particular, the hypertriton ($^3_\Lambda\mathrm{H}$), a bound state consisting of a proton, neutron, and hyperon, is the lightest known hypernucleus with a remarkably small binding energy. Precise measurements of the energy and...

We propose a novel strategy to systematically isolate the nucleon’s intrinsic non-perturbative three-dimensional structure by employing 0-jettiness to suppress initial-state radiation in transverse momentum-dependent (TMD) observables. Applying this method to transverse single spin asymmetries (SSAs) in W$^±$ and Z$^0$ boson production at RHIC, we demonstrate a substantial enhancement of...

We present the first lattice QCD results of quadratic fluctuations and correlations of conserved charges in (2+1)-flavor lattice QCD in the presence of a background magnetic field. The simulations were performed using the Highly Improved Staggered Quarks with physical pion mass $m_\pi$ = 135 MeV on $N_\tau=8$ and 12 lattices. We find that the correlation between net baryon number and electric...

The fragmentation process has been proposed as a possible origin of the transverse $\Lambda$ polarization, described by polarizing fragmentation functions (pFFs). In $pp$ collisions, this mechanism can be studied by measuring the $\Lambda$ polarization within jets. We present the first measurement of the transverse polarization of $\Lambda$/$\overline{\Lambda}$ hyperons relative to the jet...

Strange hadrons have been suggested as sensitive probes for the medium properties of the nuclear matter created in heavy-ion collisions. A dense baryon-rich medium is formed during collisions at center-of-mass energies of a few-GeV. Since strange hadrons are produced near or below the threshold, their phase space distribution and yield ratios may provide strong constraints on the equation of...

Using the three-dimensional kinetic Ising model with Metropolis algorithm, we calculate the free energy in the whole phase boundary, particularly near the first phase transition line (1st-PTL). The results show that along the 1st-PTL, as the temperature decreases, the energy barrier between the two coexisting phases diverges. This results in more difficulty to reach the equilibrium, i.e.,...

The production of hypertriton has been proposed as an effective method to study the nucleosynthesis mechanism in high-energy hadronic collisions. Within the coalescence picture, the yield of nulcei are sensitive to the interplay between the source size and the spatial distribution of their internal wave function, whereas in the statistical hadronization framework nuclear structure plays little...

针对质子单色弦管模型不能有效地描述 HERA 能区电子-质子深度虚康普顿散射截面实验数据的问题，本工作假定质子中三个价夸克分别激发形成三根色胶子弦管，并利用这些色弦管构建了质子剖面密度函数，建立了质子三色弦管模型，改进了质子单色弦管模型的拓扑结构。采用质子三色弦管模型计算了电子-质子深度虚康普顿散射微分截面，研究发现新的拓扑结构增加了部分子散射振幅，使得质子三色弦管模型能较好地描述了 HERA 能区相干深度虚康普顿散射微分截面的测量结果，解决了质子单色弦管模型的困难。同时，研究发现质子三色弦管模型关于质子半径的计算结果，成功地解释了美国杰佛逊国家实验室 GlueX...