Chinese Physics C > 2017, Vol. 41 > Issue(2): 026002 DOI: 10.1088/1674-1137/41/2/026002

A method to monitor and measure the water transparency in LHAASO-WCDA using cosmic muon signals

1.
Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
2.
Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Abstract
HTML
Reference
Related

PDF

Abstract：
The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) is to be built at Daocheng, Sichuan Province, China. As one of the major components of the LHAASO project, a Water Cherenkov Detector Array (WCDA), with an area of 78000 m ², contains 350000 tons of purified water. The water transparency and its stability are critical for successful long-term operation of this project. To gain full knowledge of the water Cherenkov technique and investigate the engineering issues, a 9-cell detector array has been built at the Yangbajing site, Tibet, China. With the help of the distribution of single cosmic muon signals, the monitoring and measurement of water transparency are studied. The results show that a precision of several percent can be obtained for the attenuation length measurement, which satisfies the requirements of the experiment. In the near future, this method could be applied to the LHAASO-WCDA project.
- water Cherenkov,
- LHAASO-WCDA,
- cosmic muon,
- water transparency

References

[1]	T. DeYoung, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, 692:72-76(2012)
[2]	Z. Cao, Chin. Phys. C, 34 (2):249-252(2010)
[3]	Q. An, Y. X. Bai, X. J. Bi et al, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, 724:12-19(2013)
[4]	Z. G. YAO, H. R. Wu, M. J. Chen et al, Design and Performance of LHAASO-WCDA Experiment, in 32nd ICRC (2011)
[5]	Q. An, Y. X. Bai, X. J. Bi et al, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, 644 (1):11-17(2011)
[6]	E. V. Bugaev, A. Misaki, V. A. Naumov et al, Phys. Rev. D, 58:054001(1998)
[7]	J. Kremer, M. Boezio, M. L. Ambriola et al, Phys. Rev. Lett., 83, 4241-4244(1999)
[8]	S. Agostinelli et al (Geant4 Collaboration), Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, 506:250-303(2003)
[9]	B. Gao, M. J. Chen, M. H. Gu et al, Chin. Phys. C, 38 (2):026003(2014)
[10]	S. Ostapchenko, Phys. Rev. D, 74(1):014026(2006)
[11]	M. Aguilar, D. Aisa, B. Alpat et al, Phys. Rev. Lett., 114 (17):171103(2015)
[12]	M. Aguilar, D. Aisa, B. Alpat et al, Phys. Rev. Lett., 115 (21):211101(2015)
[13]	H. S. Ahn, P. Allison, M. G. Bagliesi et al, The Astrophysical Journal, 707 (1):593-603(2009)

[1]	F. Aharonian,Q. An,,L.X. Bai,Y.X. Bai,Y.W. Bao,D. Bastieri,X.J. Bi,Y.J. Bi,H. Cai,J.T. Cai,Z. Cao,Z. Cao,J. Chang,J.F. Chang,X.C. Chang,B.M. Chen,J. Chen,L. Chen,L. Chen,L. Chen,M.J. Chen,M.L. Chen,Q.H. Chen,S.H. Chen,S.Z. Chen,T.L. Chen,X.L. Chen,Y. Chen,N. Cheng,Y.D. Cheng,S.W. Cui,X.H. Cui,Y.D. Cui,B.Z. Dai,H.L. Dai,Z.G. Dai,,D. della Volpe,B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli,X.J. Dong,J.H. Fan,Y.Z. Fan,Z.X. Fan,J. Fang,K. Fang,C.F. Feng,L. Feng,S.H. Feng,Y.L. Feng,B. Gao,C.D. Gao,Q. Gao,W. Gao,M.M. Ge,L.S. Geng,G.H. Gong,Q.B. Gou,M.H. Gu,J.G. Guo,X.L. Guo,Y.Q. Guo,Y.Y. Guo,Y.A. Han,H.H. He,H.N. He,J.C. He,S.L. He,X.B. He,Y. He,M. Heller,Y.K. Hor,C. Hou,X. Hou,H.B. Hu,S. Hu,S.C. Hu,X.J. Hu,D.H. Huang,Q.L. Huang,W.H. Huang,X.T. Huang,Z.C. Huang,F. Ji,X.L. Ji,H.Y. Jia,K. Jiang,Z.J. Jiang,C. Jin,D. Kuleshov,K. Levochkin,B.B. Li,C. Li,C. Li,F. Li,H.B. Li,H.C. Li,H.Y. Li,J. Li,K. Li,W.L. Li,X. Li,X. Li,X.R. Li,Y. Li,Y.Z. Li,Z. Li,Z. Li,E.W. Liang,Y.F. Liang,S.J. Lin,B. Liu,C. Liu,D. Liu,H. Liu,H.D. Liu,J. Liu,J.L. Liu,J.S. Liu,J.Y. Liu,M.Y. Liu,R.Y. Liu,S.M. Liu,W. Liu,Y.N. Liu,Z.X. Liu,W.J. Long,R. Lu,H.K. Lv,B.Q. Ma,L.L. Ma,X.H. Ma,J.R. Mao,A. Masood,W. Mitthumsiri,T. Montaruli,Y.C. Nan,B.Y. Pang,P. Pattarakijwanich,Z.Y. Pei,M.Y. Qi,B.Q. Qiao,D. Ruffolo,V. Rulev,A. Sáiz,L. Shao,O. Shchegolev,X.D. Sheng,J.R. Shi,H.C. Song,Yu.V. Stenkin,V. Stepanov,Q.N. Sun,X.N. Sun,Z.B. Sun,P.H.T. Tam,Z.B. Tang,W.W. Tian,B.D. Wang,C. Wang,H. Wang,H.G. Wang,J.C. Wang,J.S. Wang,L.P. Wang,L.Y. Wang,R.N. Wang,W. Wang,W. Wang,X.G. Wang,X.J. Wang,X.Y. Wang,Y.D. Wang,Y.J. Wang,Y.P. Wang,Z. Wang,Z. Wang,Z.H. Wang,Z.X. Wang,D.M. Wei,J.J. Wei,Y.J. Wei,T. Wen,C.Y. Wu,H.R. Wu,S. Wu,W.X. Wu,X.F. Wu,S.Q. Xi,J. Xia,J.J. Xia,G.M. Xiang,G. Xiao,H.B. Xiao,G.G. Xin,Y.L. Xin,Y. Xing,D.L. Xu,R.X. Xu,L. Xue,D.H. Yan,C.W. Yang,F.F. Yang,J.Y. Yang,L.L. Yang,M.J. Yang,R.Z. Yang,S.B. Yang,Y.H. Yao,Z.G. Yao,Y.M. Ye,L.Q. Yin,N. Yin,X.H. You,Z.Y. You,Y.H. Yu,Q. Yuan,H.D. Zeng,T.X. Zeng,W. Zeng,Z.K. Zeng,M. Zha,X.X. Zhai,B.B. Zhang,H.M. Zhang,H.Y. Zhang,J.L. Zhang,J.W. Zhang,L. Zhang,L. Zhang,L.X. Zhang,P.F. Zhang,P.P. Zhang,R. Zhang,S.R. Zhang,S.S. Zhang,X. Zhang,X.P. Zhang,Y. Zhang,Y. Zhang,Y.F. Zhang,Y.L. Zhang,B. Zhao,J. Zhao,L. Zhao,L.Z. Zhao,S.P. Zhao,F. Zheng,Y. Zheng,B. Zhou,H. Zhou,J.N. Zhou,P. Zhou,R. Zhou,X.X. Zhou,C.G. Zhu,F.R. Zhu,H. Zhu,K.J. Zhu,X. Zuo,(The LHAASO Collaboration). Performance of LHAASO-WCDA and observation of the Crab Nebula as a standard candle. Chinese Physics C, 2021, 45(8): 085002.doi:10.1088/1674-1137/ac041b
[2]	F. Aharonian,V. Alekseenko,Q. An,,L.X. Bai,Y.W. Bao,D. Bastieri,X.J. Bi,H. Cai,Zhe Cao,Zhen Cao,J. Chang,J.F. Chang,X.C. Chang,S.P. Chao,B.M. Chen,J. Chen,L. Chen,L. Chen,M.L. Chen,M.J. Chen,Q.H. Chen,S.H. Chen,S.Z. Chen,T.L. Chen,X.L. Chen,Y. Chen,N. Cheng,Y.D. Cheng,S.W. Cui,X.H. Cui,Y.D. Cui,B.Z. Dai,H.L. Dai,Z.G. Dai,,B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli,J. Fang,J.H. Fan,Y.Z. Fan,C.F Feng,L. Feng,S.H. Feng,Y.L. Feng,B. Gao,Q. Gao,W. Gao,M.M. Ge,L.S. Geng,G.H. Gong,Q.B. Gou,M.H. Gu,Y.Q. Guo,Y.Y. Guo,Y.A. Han,H.H. He,J.C. He,M. Heller,S.L. He,Y. He,C. Hou,D.H. Huang,Q.L. Huang,W.H. Huang,X.T. Huang,H.B. Hu,S. Hu,H.Y. Jia,K. Jiang,F. Ji,C. Jin,X.L. Ji,K. Levochkin,E.W. Liang,Y.F Liang,Cheng Li,Cong Li,F. Li,H. Li,H.B. Li,H.C. Li,H.M. Li,J. Li,K. Li,W.L. Li,X. Li,X.R. Li,Y. Li,Z. Li,Z. Li,B. Liu,C. Liu,D. Liu,H.D. Liu,H. Liu,J. Liu,J.Y. Liu,M.Y. Liu,R.Y. Liu,S.M. Liu,W. Liu,Y.N. Liu,Z.X. Liu,W.J. Long,R. Lu,H.K. Lv,B.Q. Ma,L.L. Ma,J.R. Mao,A. Masood,X.H. Ma,W. Mitthumsiri,T. Montaruli,Y.C. Nan,P. Pattarakijwanich,Z.Y. Pei,B.Q. Qiao,M.Y. Qi,D. Ruffolo,V. Rulev,A. Sáiz,L. Shao,O. Shchegolev,X.D. Sheng,J.R. Shi,Y. Stenkin,V. Stepanov,Z.B. Sun,P.H.T. Tam,Z.B. Tang,W.W. Tian,D.D. Volpe,C. Wang,H. Wang,H.G. Wang,J.C. Wang,L.Y. Wang,W. Wang,W. Wang,X.G. Wang,X.Y. Wang,X.J. Wang,Y.D. Wang,Y.J. Wang,Y.N. Wang,Y.P. Wang,Z. Wang,Z.H. Wang,Z.X. Wang,D.M. Wei,J.J. Wei,T. Wen,C.Y. Wu,H.R. Wu,S. Wu,W.X. Wu,X.F. Wu,G.M. Xiang,G. Xiao,G.G. Xin,Y. Xing,R.X. Xu,L. Xue,D.H. Yan,C.W. Yang,F.F. Yang,L.L. Yang,M.J. Yang,R.Z. Yang,S.B. Yang,Y.H. Yao,Z.G. Yao,Y.M. Ye,L.Q. Yin,N. Yin,X.H. You,Z.Y. You,Q. Yuan,Y.H. Yu,Z.J. Jiang,H.D. Zeng,T.X. Zeng,W. Zeng,Z.K. Zeng,M. Zha,B.B. Zhang,H.M. Zhang,H.Y. Zhang,J.L. Zhang,J.W. Zhang,L. Zhang,P.F. Zhang,P.P. Zhang,S.R. Zhang,S.S. Zhang,X. Zhang,X.P. Zhang,Yi Zhang,Yong Zhang,Y.F.g Zhang,B. Zhao,J. Zhao,L. Zhao,L.Z. Zhao,F. Zheng,Y. Zheng,J.N. Zhou,P. Zhou,R. Zhou,X.X. Zhou,C.G. Zhu,F.R. Zhu,H. Zhu,K.J. Zhu,X. Zuo,(LHAASO Collaboration). Prospects for a multi-TeV gamma-ray sky survey with the LHAASO water Cherenkov detector array. Chinese Physics C, 2020, 44(6): 065001.doi:10.1088/1674-1137/44/6/065001
[3]	Cong Ma,Lei Zhao,Yu-Xiang Guo,Jian-Feng Liu,Shu-Bin Liu,Qi An. Analog front-end prototype electronics for the LHAASO WCDA. Chinese Physics C, 2016, 40(1): 016101.doi:10.1088/1674-1137/40/1/016101
[4]	Hui-Yin Wu,Sheng-Ying Zhao,Xiao-Dong Wang,Xian-Ming Zhang,Hui-Rong Qi,Wei Zhang,Ke-Yan Wu,Bi-Tao Hu,Yi Zhang. Discriminating cosmic muons and X-rays based on rise time using a GEM detector. Chinese Physics C, 2016, 40(8): 086001.doi:10.1088/1674-1137/40/8/086001
[5]	LI Yan-Yan,ZHANG Xue-Ying,JU Yong-Qin,MA Fei,ZHANG Hong-Bin,CHEN Liang,GE Hong-Lin,WAN Bo,LUO Peng,ZHOU Bin,ZHANG Yan-Bin,LI Jian-Yang,XU Jun-Kui,WANG Song-Lin,YANG Yong-Wei,YANG Lei. Study of neutron spectra in a water bath from a Pb target irradiated by 250 MeV protons. Chinese Physics C, 2015, 39(4): 044001.doi:10.1088/1674-1137/39/4/044001
[6]	GAO Bo,CHEN Ming-Jun,GU Min-Hao,HAO Xin-Jun,LI Hui-Cai,WU Han-Rong,YAO Zhi-Guo,YOU Xiao-Hao,ZHOU Bin. Online charge calibration of LHAASO-WCDA-a study with the engineering array. Chinese Physics C, 2014, 38(2): 026003.doi:10.1088/1674-1137/38/2/026003
[7]	XU Tong-Ye,DU Yan-Yan,WANG Xu,SHAO Ruo-Bin,ZHANG Deng-Feng,ZHU Cheng-Guang. Test of the LHAASO electron detector prototype using cosmic rays. Chinese Physics C, 2014, 38(11): 116004.doi:10.1088/1674-1137/38/11/116004
[8]	ZHAO Lei,LIU Shu-Bin,AN Qi. Proposal of the readout electronics for the WCDA in the LHAASO experiment. Chinese Physics C, 2014, 38(1): 016101.doi:10.1088/1674-1137/38/1/016101
[9]	LI Hui-Cai,CHEN Ming-Jun,JIA Huan-Yu,GAO Bo,YAO Zhi-Guo,YUO Xiao-Hao,ZHOU Bin,ZHU Feng-Rong,. Study on the optimization of the water Cherenkov detector array of the LHAASO project for surveying VHE gamma ray sources. Chinese Physics C, 2014, 38(1): 016002.doi:10.1088/1674-1137/38/1/016002
[10]	Danial Salehi,Dariush Sardari,Salehi Jozani. Characteristics of a heavy water photoneutron source in boron neutron capture therapy. Chinese Physics C, 2013, 37(7): 078201.doi:10.1088/1674-1137/37/7/078201
[11]	WANG Ling-Yu,LU Hao-Qi,YANG Chang-Gen,YU Ze-Yuan,XU Ji-Lei,LIU Jin-Chang,GUAN Meng-Yun,WANG Zhi-Min,WANG Yi-Fang. Study of Tyvek reflectivity in water. Chinese Physics C, 2012, 36(7): 628-632.doi:10.1088/1674-1137/36/7/011
[12]	Daisuke Nomura. Update of g－2 of the muon and Δα. Chinese Physics C, 2010, 34(6): 728-734.doi:10.1088/1674-1137/34/6/019
[13]	LU Hao-Qi,YANG Chang-Gen,WANG Ling-Yu,XU Ji-Lei,WANG Rui-Guang,WANG Zhi-Min,WANG Yi-Fang. Circulation model for water circulation and purification in a water Cerenkov detector. Chinese Physics C, 2009, 33(7): 567-571.doi:10.1088/1674-1137/33/7/012
[14]	LIU Hua-Chang,OUYANG Hua-Fu. Thermal analysis and water-cooling design of the CSNS MEBT 324MHz buncher cavity. Chinese Physics C, 2008, 32(4): 280-284.doi:10.1088/1674-1137/32/4/008
[15]	CHEN Ming-Jun,WANG Yi-Fang,HE Jing-Tang,MENG Xiang-Cheng,YU Mei-Ling,YANG Chang-Gen,CAO Jun. A Water Tank Prototype for the Cerenkov Calorimeter. Chinese Physics C, 2005, 29(10): 983-988.
[16]	CAO Tian-Guang,MA Yun-Zhi,ZHUO Yi-Zhong. Track Structure of Proton and α Particle in Water. Chinese Physics C, 2004, 28(4): 377-381.
[17]	CHEN Ming-Jun,ZHANG Feng,WANG Yi-Fang. Monte Carlo Simulation of a Water Tank of the Cerenkov Calorimeter. Chinese Physics C, 2003, 27(11): 1015-1018.
[18]	Jiang Yinlin,Chen Yongzhong,Xu Chunxian,He Huilin,He Huihai,Li Huidong,Huo Anxiang. Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope. Chinese Physics C, 1997, 21(S3): 1-8.
[19]	Jiang Yinlin. Atmospheric Cherenkov Images of Cosmic Ray Muons. Chinese Physics C, 1995, 19(S1): 5-11.
[20]	Zhu Yongsheng,Zhang Liangsheng,Gao Wenxiu,Zhang Yingping,Zhao Pingde,Zhang Jiawen,Li Fang,Chen Lejun,Xu Zhiqing. The Muon Counter in the Beijing Spectrometer. Chinese Physics C, 1990, 14(S1): 1-10.

Access

Get Citation

Hui-Cai Li, Zhi-Guo Yao, Chun-Xu Yu, Ming-Jun Chen, Han-Rong Wu, Min Zha, Bo Gao, Xiao-Jie Wang, Jin-Yan Liu and Wen-Ying Liao. A method to monitor and measure the water transparency in LHAASO-WCDA using cosmic muon signals[J]. Chinese Physics C, 2017, 41(2): 026002. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/41/2/026002

RIS(for EndNote,Reference Manager,ProCite)

BibTex

Txt

Milestone

Received: 2016-07-28
Revised: 2016-10-16

Fund

Supported by U1332201, U1532258 and NSFC (11375224, 11675187)

Article Metric

Article Views(3317)
PDF Downloads(67)
Cited by(0)

Policy on re-use

To reuse of subscription content published by CPC, the users need to request permission from CPC, unless the content was published under an Open Access license which automatically permits that type of reuse.

通讯作者:陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

A method to monitor and measure the water transparency in LHAASO-WCDA using cosmic muon signals

Abstract：

References

Access

Article Metrics

Metrics

通讯作者:陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Email This Article

A method to monitor and measure the water transparency in LHAASO-WCDA using cosmic muon signals

Corresponding author:Hui-Cai Li,

HTML

目录