Chinese Physics C > 2010, Vol. 34 > Issue(9): 1312-1319 DOI: 10.1088/1674-1137/34/9/031

Gauge invariance and quantization applied to atom and nucleon internal structure

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Abstract：

The prevailing theoretical quark and gluon momentum, orbital angular momentum and spin operators, satisfy either gauge invariance or the corresponding canonical commutation relation, but one never has these operators which satisfy both except the quark spin. The
conflicts between gauge invariance and the canonical quantization requirement of these operators are discussed. A new set of quark and gluon momentum, orbital angular momentum and spin operators, which satisfy both gauge invariance and canonical momentum and angular momentum commutation relation, are proposed. To achieve such a proper decomposition the key point is to separate the gauge field into the pure gauge and the gauge covariant parts. The same conflicts also exist in QED and quantum mechanics, and have been solved in the same manner. The impacts of this new decomposition to the nucleon internal structure are discussed.

References

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. Strocchi F, Wightman A S J. Math. Phys., 1974, 15: 2198-22242. CHEN X S, WANG F. hep-ph/98023463. Jauch J M, Rohrlich F. The Theory of Photons andElectrons. Berlin: Springger, 1976. Berestetskii V B, Lif-shitz E M, Pitaevskii L P. Quantum Electrodynamics. Ox-ford: Pergamon, 1982. Cohen-Tannoudji C, Dupont-Roc J,Grynberg G. Photons and Atoms. New York: Wiley, 19874. Goldman T. Phys. Rev. D, 1977, 15: 1063-10675. CHEN X S, LU X F, SUN W M, WANG F, Goldman T.Phys. Rev. Lett., 2008, 100: 232002-1-46. JI X D. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1997, 78: 610-613; CHEN X S,WANG F. Commun. Theor. Phys., 1997, 27: 121-1247. JI X, TANG J, Hoodbhoy P. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1996, 76:740-743

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WANG Fan, CHEN Xiang-Song, LU Xiao-Fu and SUN Wei-Min. Gauge invariance and quantization applied to atom and nucleon internal structure[J]. Chinese Physics C, 2010, 34(9): 1312-1319. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/34/9/031

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Received: 2010-03-04
Revised: 1900-01-01

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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

Gauge invariance and quantization applied to atom and nucleon internal structure

Corresponding author:WANG Fan,

Received Date:2010-03-04
Accepted Date:1900-01-01
Available Online:2010-09-05

Abstract:

The prevailing theoretical quark and gluon momentum, orbital angular momentum and spin operators, satisfy either gauge invariance or the corresponding canonical commutation relation, but one never has these operators which satisfy both except the quark spin. The
conflicts between gauge invariance and the canonical quantization requirement of these operators are discussed. A new set of quark and gluon momentum, orbital angular momentum and spin operators, which satisfy both gauge invariance and canonical momentum and angular momentum commutation relation, are proposed. To achieve such a proper decomposition the key point is to separate the gauge field into the pure gauge and the gauge covariant parts. The same conflicts also exist in QED and quantum mechanics, and have been solved in the same manner. The impacts of this new decomposition to the nucleon internal structure are discussed.