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Chinese Physics C > 2023, Vol. 47 > Issue(4): 043109 DOI: 10.1088/1674-1137/acb6de

Cosmological imprints of Dirac neutrinos in a keV-vacuum 2HDM

  • 1.

    Institute of Particle Physics and Key Laboratory of Quark and Lepton Physics (MOE), Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China

  • 2.

    Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

  • 3.

    Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China

  • The Dirac neutrino masses could be simply generated by a neutrinophilic scalar doublet with a vacuum being dramatically different from the electroweak one. While the case with an eV-scale vacuum has been widely explored previously, we exploit in this work the desert where the scalar vacuum is of $\mathcal{O}(\mathrm{keV})$ scale. In this regime, there would be rare hope to probe the keV-vacuum neutrinophilic scalar model via the lepton-flavor-violating processes, which makes it distinguishable from the widely considered eV-scale vacuum. Although such a keV-vacuum scenario is inert in the low-energy flavor physics, we show that the baryogenesis realized via the lightest Dirac neutrino can be a natural candidate in explaining the baryon asymmetry of the Universe. Furthermore, the Dirac neutrinos with a keV-vacuum scalar can generate a shift of the effective neutrino number within the range $0.097\leqslant \Delta N_{\rm eff}\leqslant 0.112$ , which can be probed by the future Simons Observatory experiments. In particular, the model with a minimal value $\Delta N_{\rm eff}=0.097$ can already be falsified by the future CMB Stage-IV and Large Scale Structure surveys, providing consequently striking exploratory avenues in the cosmological regime for such a keV-vacuum scenario.
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