\begin{document}$ pp $\end{document} collisions at \begin{document}$ \sqrt{s} = 5.02 $\end{document} TeV. We find that the experimental data for the \begin{document}$ p_{T} $\end{document} spectra of \begin{document}$ \Omega $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ \phi $\end{document} exhibit the quark number scaling property, which clearly indicates the quark combination mechanism at hadronization. Experimental data for the \begin{document}$ p_T $\end{document} spectra of \begin{document}$ p $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ \Lambda $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ \Xi $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ \Omega $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ \phi $\end{document}, and \begin{document}$ K^{*0} $\end{document} are systematically described by the model. The non-monotonic \begin{document}$ p_{T} $\end{document} dependence of the \begin{document}$ \Omega/\phi $\end{document} ratio is naturally explained, and we find that it is closely related to the shape of the logarithm of the strange quark \begin{document}$ p_{T} $\end{document} distribution. Using the \begin{document}$ p_{T} $\end{document} spectra of light-flavor quarks obtained from light-flavor hadrons and the \begin{document}$ p_T $\end{document} spectrum of charm quarks, which is consistent with perturbative QCD calculations, the experimental data for differential cross-sections of \begin{document}$ D^{0,+} $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ D_{s}^{+} $\end{document}, and \begin{document}$ \Lambda_{c}^{+} $\end{document} as functions of \begin{document}$ p_{T} $\end{document} are systematically described. We predict the differential cross-sections of \begin{document}$ \Xi_{c}^{0,+} $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ \Omega_{c}^{0} $\end{document}. The ratio \begin{document}$ \Xi_{c}^{0,+}/D^{0} $\end{document} in our model is approximately 0.16, and \begin{document}$ \Omega_{c}^{0}/D^{0} $\end{document} is approximately 0.012, owing to the cascade suppression of strangeness. In addition, the predicted \begin{document}$ \Xi_{c}^{0,+}/D^{0} $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ \Omega_{c}^{0}/D^{0} $\end{document} ratios exhibit the non-monotonic dependence on \begin{document}$ p_{T} $\end{document} in the low \begin{document}$ p_{T} $\end{document} range."> Production of light-flavor and single-charmed hadrons in <i>pp</i> collisions at <inline-formula><tex-math id="M2">\begin{document}${ \sqrt{\boldsymbol s} = {\bf 5.02 }}$\end{document}</tex-math><alternatives><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="//www.macurncorp.com/hepnp/article/app/id/dd071323-4fcf-420e-aed2-d1ea00d622c3/CPC-2021-0325_M2.jpg"/><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="//www.macurncorp.com/hepnp/article/app/id/dd071323-4fcf-420e-aed2-d1ea00d622c3/CPC-2021-0325_M2.png"/></alternatives></inline-formula> TeV in an equal-velocity quark combination model -
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