\begin{document}$ g \rightarrow Q $\end{document}-jet) are the dominant contribution at high \begin{document}$ p_T $\end{document}, displaying more dispersive structures than the HQ-initiated (\begin{document}$ Q \rightarrow Q $\end{document}-jet). In nucleus-nucleus collisions, our calculations were consistent with the inclusive and b-jet \begin{document}$ R_{AA} $\end{document} recently measured by the ATLAS collaboration, revealing a remarkable manifestation of the mass effect of jet energy loss. As a result of the dispersive substructure, the \begin{document}$ g \rightarrow Q $\end{document}-jet loses more energy than the \begin{document}$ Q \rightarrow Q $\end{document}-jet in the QGP. Due to the significant contribution of \begin{document}$ g \rightarrow c $\end{document}-jet, the \begin{document}$ R_{AA} $\end{document} of c-jet is comparable or even smaller than that of inclusive jet. To experimentally distinguish the \begin{document}$ g \rightarrow Q $\end{document}-jet and \begin{document}$ Q \rightarrow Q $\end{document}-jet, we propose event selection strategies based on their topological features and test their performances. By isolating the \begin{document}$ c \rightarrow c $\end{document}-jet, \begin{document}$ b \rightarrow b $\end{document}-jet, and the jets initiated by heavy quarks, we predicted that the order of their \begin{document}$ R_{AA} $\end{document} are in line with the mass hierarchy of energy loss. Future measurements on the \begin{document}$ R_{AA} $\end{document} of \begin{document}$ Q \rightarrow Q $\end{document}-jet and \begin{document}$ g \rightarrow Q $\end{document}-jet will provide a unique opportunity for testing the flavor/mass dependence of energy loss at the jet level."> Probing the mass effect of heavy quark jets in high-energy nuclear collisions -
  • [1]

    M. Gyulassy, I. Vitev, X. N. Wanget al., InQuark Gluon Plasma, edited by Hwa R.Cet al. (Singapore: World Scientific, 2010), p.123-191

  • [2]

    M. Gyulassy and M. Plumer, Phys. Lett. B243, 432 (1990)

  • [3]

    G. Y. Qin and X. N. Wang, Int. J. Mod. Phys. E24(11), 1530014 (2015)

  • [4]

    I. Vitev, S. Wicks and B. W. Zhang, JHEP2008, 093 (2008)

  • [5]

    N. Armesto, N. Borghini, S. Jeonet al., J. Phys. G35, 054001 (2008), arXiv: 0711.0974[hep-ph]

  • [6]

    I. Vitev and B. W. Zhang, Phys. Rev. Lett.104, 132001 (2010)

  • [7]

    J. Casalderrey-Solana, D. C. Gulhan, J. G. Milhanoet al., JHEP2014, 019 (2014)

  • [8]

    M. Gyulassy and X. N. Wang, Nucl. Phys. B420, 583 (1994), arXiv: nucl-th/9306003[nucl-th]

  • [9]

    X. N. Wang and X. F. Guo, Nucl. Phys. A696, 788 (2001), arXiv: hep-ph/0102230[hep-ph]

  • [10]

    I. Vitev and B. W. Zhang, Phys. Lett. B669, 337 (2008), arXiv: 0804.3805[hep-ph]

  • [11]

    Y. He, L. G. Pang and X. N. Wang, Phys. Rev. Lett.125(12), 122301 (2020), arXiv: 2001.08273[hep-ph]

  • [12]

    S. Y. Chen, J. Yan, W. Daiet al., Chin. Phys. C46(10), 104102 (2022), arXiv: 2204.01211[hep-ph]

  • [13]

    W. Zhao, W. Ke, W. Chenet al., Phys. Rev. Lett.128(2), 022302 (2022), arXiv: 2103.14657[hep-ph]

  • [14]

    Z. Yang, Y. He, I. Moultet al., Phys. Rev. Lett.132, 011901 (2024), arXiv: 2310.01500[hep-ph]

  • [15]

    A. Kumaret al. (JETSCAPE), Phys. Rev. C107(3), 034911 (2023), arXiv: 2204.01163[hep-ph]

  • [16]

    T. Luo, Y. He, S. Caoet al., Phys. Rev. C109(3), 034919 (2024), arXiv: 2306.13742[nucl-th]

  • [17]

    M. Xie, Q. F. Han, E. K. Wanget al., Nucl. Sci. Tech.35(7), 125 (2024)

  • [18]

    H. X. Zhang, Y. X. Xiao, J. W. Kanget al., Nucl. Sci. Tech.33(11), 150 (2022), arXiv: 2102.11792[hep-ph]

  • [19]

    J. W. Kang, S. Wang, L. Wanget al., arXiv: 2312.15518

  • [20]

    J. W. Kang, L. Wang, W. Daiet al., arXiv: 2304.04649

  • [21]

    S. Y. Chen, K. M. Shen, X. F. Xueet al., arXiv: 2409.13996

  • [22]

    M. Connors, C. Nattrass, R. Reedet al., Rev. Mod. Phys.90, 025005 (2018), arXiv: 1705.01974[nucl-ex]

  • [23]

    H. A. Andrews, D. d'Enterria, L. Apolinarioet al., J. Phys. G47(6), 065102 (2020), arXiv: 1808.03689[hep-ph]

  • [24]

    L. Cunqueiro and A. M. Sickles, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys.124, 103940 (2022), arXiv: 2110.14490[nucl-ex]

  • [25]

    X. Dong and V. Greco, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys.104, 97 (2019)

  • [26]

    A. Andronicet al., Eur. Phys. J. C76(3), 107 (2016)

  • [27]

    X. Dong, Y. J. Lee and R. Rapp, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci.69, 417 (2019), arXiv: 1903.07709[nucl-ex]

  • [28]

    J. Zhao, K. Zhou, S. Chen and P. Zhuang, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys.114, 103801 (2020), arXiv: 2005.08277[nucl-th]

  • [29]

    B. Chen, M. Yang, G. Chenet al., Phys. Rev. C109(6), 064909 (2024), arXiv: 2309.02987[nucl-th]

  • [30]

    Z. F. Jiang, S. Cao, W. J. Xinget al., Phys. Rev. C105(5), 054907 (2022), arXiv: 2202.13555[nucl-th]

  • [31]

    L. Adamczyket al. (STAR Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett.113(14), 142301 (2014)

  • [32]

    J. Adamet al. (ALICE Collaboration), JHEP2016, 081 (2016)

  • [33]

    A. M. Sirunyanet al. (CMS Collaboration), Phys. Lett. B782, 474 (2018), arXiv: 1708.04962[nucl-ex]

  • [34]

    S. Acharyaet al. (ALICE Collaboration), JHEP2018, 174 (2018), arXiv: 1804.09083[nucl-ex]

  • [35]

    B. B. Abelevet al. (ALICE Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C90(3), 034904 (2014), arXiv: 1405.2001[nucl-ex]

  • [36]

    L. Adamczyket al. (STAR Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett.118(21), 212301 (2017), arXiv: 1701.06060[nucl-ex]

  • [37]

    S. Acharyaet al. (ALICE Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett.120(10), 102301 (2018), arXiv: 1707.01005[nucl-ex]

  • [38]

    A. M. Sirunyanet al. (CMS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett.120(20), 202301 (2018), arXiv: 1708.03497[nucl-ex]

  • [39]

    Y. L. Dokshitzer and D. E. Kharzeev, Phys. Lett. B519, 199 (2001), arXiv: hep-ph/0106202[hep-ph]

  • [40]

    B. W. Zhang, E. Wang and X. N. Wang, Phys. Rev. Lett.93, 072301 (2004)

  • [41]

    N. Armesto, C. A. Salgado and U. A. Wiedemann, Phys. Rev. D69, 114003 (2004), arXiv: hep-ph/0312106[hep-ph]

  • [42]

    M. Djordjevic and M. Gyulassy, Phys. Lett. B560, 37 (2003), arXiv: nucl-th/0302069[nucl-th]

  • [43]

    J. Adamet al. (ALICE Collaboration) , JHEP2015, 051 (2015), arXiv: 1504.07151[nucl-ex]

  • [44]

    V. Khachatryanet al. (CMS Collaboration), Eur. Phys. J. C77(4), 252 (2017), arXiv: 1610.00613[nucl-ex]

  • [45]

    A. M. Sirunyanet al. (CMS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett.119(15), 152301 (2017), arXiv: 1705.04727[hep-ex]

  • [46]

    M. Aaboudet al. (ATLAS), Eur. Phys. J. C78(9), 762 (2018), arXiv: 1805.04077[nucl-ex]

  • [47]

    M. S. Abdallahet al. (STAR), Eur. Phys. J. C82(12), 1150 (2022), arXiv: 2111.14615[nucl-ex]

  • [48]

    U. A. Acharyaet al. (PHENIX)., arXiv: 2203.17058

  • [49]

    G. Aadet al. (ATLAS), Phys. Lett. B829, 137077 (2022), arXiv: 2109.00411[nucl-ex]

  • [50]

    W. J. Xing, S. Cao, G. Y. Qinet al., Phys. Lett. B805, 135424 (2020), arXiv: 1906.00413[hep-ph]

  • [51]

    S. L. Zhang, J. Liao, G. Y. Qinet al., Sci. Bull.68, 2003 (2023), arXiv: 2208.08323[hep-ph]

  • [52]

    S. Wang, Y. Li, S. Shenet al., arXiv: 2308.14538

  • [53]

    R. Aaijet al. (LHCb), JINST10(06), P06013 (2015), arXiv: 1504.07670[hep-ex]

  • [54]

    S. Chatrchyanet al. (CMS Collaboration), JINST8, P04013 (2013), arXiv: 1211.4462[hep-ex]

  • [55]

    J. Huang, Z. B. Kang and I. Vitev, Phys. Lett. B726, 251 (2013), arXiv: 1306.0909[hep-ph]

  • [56]

    H. T. Li and I. Vitev, JHEP2019, 148 (2019), arXiv: 1811.07905[hep-ph]

  • [57]

    Z. B. Kang, J. Reiten, I. Vitevet al., Phys. Rev. D99(3), 034006 (2019), arXiv: 1810.10007[hep-ph]

  • [58]

    S. Chatrchyanet al. (CMS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett.113(13), 132301 (2014), arXiv: 1312.4198[nucl-ex]

  • [59]

    G. Aadet al. (ATLAS), Eur. Phys. J. C83(5), 438 (2023), arXiv: 2204.13530[nucl-ex]

  • [60]

    A. M. Sirunyanet al. (CMS Collaboration), JHEP2018, 181 (2018), arXiv: 1802.00707[hep-ex]

  • [61]

    W. Dai, S. Wang, S. L. Zhanget al., Chin. Phys. C44(10), 104105 (2020), arXiv: 1806.06332[nucl-th]

  • [62]

    Y. Li, S. Shen, S. Wang and B. W. Zhang, Nucl. Sci. Tech.35(7), 113 (2024), arXiv: 2401.01706[hep-ph]

  • [63]

    Y. Li, S. Y. Chen, W. Konget al., arXiv: 2409.12742

  • [64]

    A. M. Sirunyanet al. (CMS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett.125(10), 102001 (2020), arXiv: 1911.01461[hep-ex]

  • [65]

    S. Acharyaet al. (ALICE), Nature605(7910), 440 (2022), arXiv: 2106.05713[nucl-ex]

  • [66]

    G. Aadet al. (ATLAS), JHEP2021, 131 (2021), arXiv: 2108.11650[hep-ex]

  • [67]

    S. Acharyaet al. (ALICE), JHEP2019, 133 (2019), arXiv: 1905.02510[nucl-ex]

  • [68]

    R. Vertesiet al. (ALICE), Phys. Part. Nucl.54(4), 670 (2023), arXiv: 2110.11606[nucl-ex]

  • [69]

    A. M. Sirunyanet al. (CMS), JHEP2021, 054 (2021), arXiv: 2005.14219[hep-ex]

  • [70]

    S. Acharyaet al. (ALICE), Phys. Rev. Lett.131(19), 192301 (2023), arXiv: 2208.04857[nucl-ex]

  • [71]

    M. Aaboudet al. (ATLAS), Phys. Rev. D99(5), 052004 (2019), arXiv: 1812.09283[hep-ex]

  • [72]

    D. Goncalves, F. Krauss and R. Linten, Phys. Rev. D93(5), 053013 (2016), arXiv: 1512.05265[hep-ph]

  • [73]

    P. Ilten, N. L. Rodd, J. Thaler and M. Williams, Phys. Rev. D96(5), 054019 (2017), arXiv: 1702.02947[hep-ph]

  • [74]

    H. T. Li and I. Vitev, Phys. Lett. B793, 259 (2019), arXiv: 1801.00008[hep-ph]

  • [75]

    H. T. Li, Z. L. Liu and I. Vitev, Phys. Lett. B827, 137007 (2022), arXiv: 2108.07809[hep-ph]

  • [76]

    S. Wang, W. Dai, B. W. Zhanget al., Eur. Phys. J. C79(9), 789 (2019), arXiv: 1906.01499[nucl-th]

  • [77]

    S. Wang, W. Dai, B. W. Zhanget al., Chin. Phys. C45(6), 064105 (2021), arXiv: 2012.13935[nucl-th]

  • [78]

    Y. Li, S. Wang and B. W. Zhang, Phys. Rev. C108(2), 2 (2023), arXiv: 2209.00548[hep-ph]

  • [79]

    S. Wang, W. Dai, E. Wanget al., Symmetry15(3), 727 (2023), arXiv: 2303.14660[nucl-th]

  • [80]

    S. Wang, J. W. Kang, W. Daiet al., Eur. Phys. J. A58(7), 135 (2022), arXiv: 2107.12000[nucl-th]

  • [81]

    M. Attems, J. Brewer, G. M. Innocentiet al., Phys. Rev. Lett.132(21), 212301 (2024), arXiv: 2209.13600[hep-ph]

  • [82]

    E. Norrbin and T. Sjostrand, Eur. Phys. J. C17, 137 (2000), arXiv: hep-ph/0005110[hep-ph]

  • [83]

    A. Banfi, G. P. Salam and G. Zanderighi, JHEP2007, 026 (2007), arXiv: 0704.2999[hep-ph]

  • [84]

    P. Nason, S. Dawson and R. K. Ellis, Nucl. Phys. B303, 607 (1988)

  • [85]

    P. Nason, S. Dawson and R. K. Ellis, Nucl. Phys. B327, 49 (1989)

  • [86]

    W. Beenakker, W. L. van Neerven, R. Menget al., Nucl. Phys. B351, 507 (1991)

  • [87]

    M. A. G. Aivazis, F. I. Olness and W. K. Tung, Phys. Rev. D50, 3085 (1994), arXiv: hep-ph/9312318[hep-ph]

  • [88]

    B. A. Kniehl, G. Kramer, I. Schienbeinet al., Eur. Phys. J. C41, 199 (2005), arXiv: hep-ph/0502194[hep-ph]

  • [89]

    M. Cacciari, M. Greco and P. Nason, JHEP05, 007 (1998), arXiv: hep-ph/9803400[hep-ph]

  • [90]

    T. Gleisberg, S. Hoeche, F. Krausset al., JHEP2009, 007 (2009), arXiv: 0811.4622[hep-ph]

  • [91]

    E. Bothmannet al. [Sherpa], SciPost Phys.7(3), 034 (2019), arXiv: 1905.09127[hep-ph]

  • [92]

    S. Schumann and F. Krauss, JHEP2008, 038 (2008), arXiv: 0709.1027[hep-ph]

  • [93]

    S. Frixione and B. R. Webber, JHEP2002, 029 (2002), arXiv: hep-ph/0204244

  • [94]

    R. D. Ballet al. (NNPDF), Nucl. Phys. B809, 1 (2009), arXiv: 0808.1231[hep-ph]

  • [95]

    S. Acharyaet al. (ALICE), JHEP2023, 133 (2023), arXiv: 2204.10167[nucl-ex]

  • [96]

    M. Cacciari, G. P. Salam and G. Soyez, Eur. Phys. J. C72, 1896 (2012), arXiv: 1111.6097[hep-ph]

  • [97]

    M. Cacciari, G. P. Salam and G. Soyez, JHEP2008, 063 (2008), arXiv: 0802.1189[hep-ph]

  • [98]

    S. Acharyaet al. (ALICE), JHEP2022, 178 (2022), arXiv: 2110.06104[nucl-ex]

  • [99]

    G. D. Moore and D. Teaney, Phys. Rev. C71, 064904 (2005), arXiv: hep-ph/0412346[hep-ph]

  • [100]

    R. Rapp and H. van Hees, arXiv: 0903.1096

  • [101]

    M. He, H. van Hees, P. B. Gossiauxet al., Phys. Rev. E88, 032138 (2013), arXiv: 1305.1425[nucl-th]

  • [102]

    S. Cao, G. Y. Qin and S. A. Bass, Phys. Rev. C88, 044907 (2013), arXiv: 1308.0617[nucl-th]

  • [103]

    R. Katz, C. A. G. Prado, J. Noronha-Hostleret al., Phys. Rev. C102(2), 024906 (2020), arXiv: 1906.10768[nucl-th]

  • [104]

    S. Li, W. Xiong and R. Wan, Eur. Phys. J. C80(12), 1113 (2020), arXiv: 2012.02489[hep-ph]

  • [105]

    A. Beraudo, A. De Pace, W. M. Albericoet al., Nucl. Phys. A831, 59 (2009), arXiv: 0902.0741[hep-ph]

  • [106]

    K. Ito, Mem. Am. Math. Soc.4, 51 (1951)

  • [107]

    Y. Xu, S. A. Bass, P. Moreauet al., Phys. Rev. C99(1), 014902 (2019), arXiv: 1809.10734[nucl-th]

  • [108]

    S. Cao, T. Luo, G. Y. Qin and X. N. Wang, Phys. Lett. B777, 255 (2018), arXiv: 1703.00822[nucl-th]

  • [109]

    A. Francis, O. Kaczmarek, M. Laineet al., Phys. Rev. D92(11), 116003 (2015), arXiv: 1508.04543[hep-lat]

  • [110]

    H. T. Ding, A. Francis, O. Kaczmareket al., Phys. Rev. D86, 014509 (2012), arXiv: 1204.4945[hep-lat]

  • [111]

    L. Altenkortet al. (HotQCD), Phys. Rev. Lett.132(5), 051902 (2024), arXiv: 2311.01525[hep-lat]

  • [112]

    R. Rapp, P. B. Gossiaux, A. Andronic, R. Averbeck, S. Masciocchi, A. Beraudo, E. Bratkovskaya, P. Braun-Munzinger, S. Cao and A. Dainese,et al., Nucl. Phys. A979, 21 (2018), arXiv: 1803.03824[nucl-th]

  • [113]

    L. Apolinário, Y. J. Lee and M. Winn, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys.127, 103990 (2022), arXiv: 2203.16352[hep-ph]

  • [114]

    X. F. Guo and X. N. Wang, Phys. Rev. Lett.85, 3591 (2000), arXiv: hep-ph/0005044

  • [115]

    B. W. Zhang and X. N. Wang, Nucl. Phys. A720, 429 (2003)

  • [116]

    A. Majumder, Phys. Rev. D85, 014023 (2012)

  • [117]

    X. N. Wang, M. Gyulassy and M. Plumer, Phys. Rev. D51, 3436 (1995), arXiv: hep-ph/9408344[hep-ph]

  • [118]

    B. G. Zakharov, JETP Lett.63, 952 (1996), arXiv: hep-ph/9607440[hep-ph]

  • [119]

    X. F. Chen, C. Greiner, E. Wanget al., Phys. Rev. C81, 064908 (2010), arXiv: 1002.1165[nucl-th]

  • [120]

    R. B. Neufeld, Phys. Rev. D83, 065012 (2011), arXiv: 1011.4979[hep-ph]

  • [121]

    M. L. Miller, K. Reygers, S. J. Sanderset al., Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci.57, 205 (2007)

  • [122]

    L. G. Pang, H. Petersen, Q. Wanget al., Phys. Rev. Lett.117(19), 192301 (2016), arXiv: 1605.04024[hep-ph]

  • [123]

    T. Renk, H. Holopainen, J. Auvinenet al., Phys. Rev. C85, 044915 (2012), arXiv: 1105.2647[hep-ph]

  • [124]

    B. Betz, M. Gyulassy and G. Torrieri, Phys. Rev. C84, 024913 (2011), arXiv: 1102.5416[nucl-th]

  • [125]

    S. Cao, Y. Huang, G. Y. Qinet al., J. Phys. G42(12), 125104 (2015), arXiv: 1404.3139[nucl-th]

  • [126]

    J. Noronha-Hostler, B. Betz, J. Noronhaet al., Phys. Rev. Lett.116(25), 252301 (2016), arXiv: 1602.03788[nucl-th]

  • [127]

    C. A. G. Prado, J. Noronha-Hostler, R. Katzet al., Phys. Rev. C96(6), 064903 (2017), arXiv: 1611.02965[nucl-th]

  • [128]

    S. Cao, G. Coci, S. K. Daset al., Phys. Rev. C99(5), 054907 (2019), arXiv: 1809.07894[nucl-th]

  • [129]

    S. Wang, Y. Li, J. W. Kanget al., arXiv: 2408.10924

  • [130]

    W. Ke, X. N. Wang, W. Fanet al., PoSHardProbes 2020, 060 (2021), arXiv: 2008.07622[nucl-th]

  • [131]

    S. Acharyaet al. (A Large Ion Collider Experiment and ALICE), Phys. Rev. Lett.128(10), 102001 (2022), arXiv: 2107.12984[nucl-ex]

  • [132]

    G. Aadet al. (ATLAS), Phys. Rev. C107(5), 054909 (2023), arXiv: 2211.11470[nucl-ex]

  • [133]

    S. Acharyaet al. (ALICE), JHEP2018, 139 (2018), arXiv: 1807.06854[nucl-ex]

  • [134]

    S. Acharyaet al.(ALICE), arXiv: 2303.13347

  • [135]

    G. Aadet al. (ATLAS), Phys. Rev. Lett.131(17), 172301 (2023), arXiv: 2301.05606[nucl-ex]

  • [136]

    A. Hayrapetyanet al.(CMS), arXiv: 2405.02737

  • [137]

    W. Fanet al. (JETSCAPE), Phys. Rev. C107(5), 054901 (2023), arXiv: 2208.00983[nucl-th]

  • [138]

    M. Zhang, Y. He, S. Cao and L. Yi, Chin. Phys. C47(2), 024106 (2023), arXiv: 2208.13331[nucl-th]

  • [139]

    R. Modarresi-Yazdi, S. Shi, C. Galeet al., arXiv: 2407.19966

Baidu
map