\begin{document}$ Q^2$\end{document} values. The longitudinal structure function has been observed to depend on the fractional momentum carried by gluons at low x. The extracted longitudinal structure functions \begin{document}$ F_{L}(x,Q^2)$\end{document} were in line with the data from the H1 Collaboration [Andreev et al. (H1 Collaboration), Eur. Phys. J. C 74, 2814 (2014)] and the CT18 parametrization method [Hou et al. Phys. Rev. D 103, 014013 (2021)]."> An analysis of the longitudinal structure function at next-to-leading order approximation at small-x -
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