\begin{document}$F_2^A(x,Q^2)/F_2^{A^\prime}(x,Q^2) $\end{document} for several nuclear targets A and A', we obtain predictions for nuclear parton distributions, even for unmeasured nuclei. The effects of nuclear modifications are investigated with respect to the mass number A. We highlight distinct shadowing and antishadowing behaviors for gluons and quarks."> A simple model for nuclear modification of parton distribution functions -
  • [1]

    M. Arneodo, Phys. Rep.240, 301 (1994)

  • [2]

    P. R. Norton, Rep. Prog. Phys.66, 1253 (2003)

  • [3]

    S. Malace, D. Gaskell, D. W. Higinbothamet al., Int. J. Mod. Phys. E23, 1430013 (2014)

  • [4]

    M. Klasen and H. Paukkunen, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci.74, 49 (2024)

  • [5]

    EMC Collaboration, Phys. Lett. B202, 603 (1988)

  • [6]

    EMC Collaboration, Phys. Lett. B211, 493 (1988)

  • [7]

    EMC Collaboration, Nucl. Phys. B333, 1 (1990)

  • [8]

    EMC Collaboration, Z. Phys. C57, 211 (1993)

  • [9]

    NMC Collaboration, Z. Phys. C53, 73 (1992)

  • [10]

    NMC Collaboration, Nucl. Phys. B441, 3 (1995)

  • [11]

    NMC Collaboration, Nucl. Phys. B441, 12 (1995)

  • [12]

    NMC Collaboration, Nucl. Phys. B481, 3 (1996)

  • [13]

    NMC Collaboration, Nucl. Phys. B481, 23 (1996)

  • [14]

    J. Gomeset al., Phys. Rev. D49, 4348 (1994)

  • [15]

    BCDMS Collaboration, Phys. Lett. B163, 282 (1985)

  • [16]

    BCDMS Collaboration, Phys. Lett. B189, 483 (1987)

  • [17]

    E665 Collaboration, Z. Phys. C67, 403 (1995)

  • [18]

    E665 Collaboration, Phys. Rev. Lett.68, 3266 (1992)

  • [19]

    J. Seelyet al., Phys. Rev. Lett.103, 202301 (2009)

  • [20]

    CLAS Collaboration, Nature566, 354 (2019)

  • [21]

    S. I. Alekhin, S. A. Kulagin, and R. Petti, Phys. Rev. D105, 114037 (2022)

  • [22]

    S. I. Alekhin, S. A. Kulagin, and R. Petti, Phys. Rev. D96, 054005 (2017)

  • [23]

    R. Wang, X. Chen, and Q. Fu, Nucl. Phys. B920, 1 (2017)

  • [24]

    R. A. Khalek, R. Gauld, T. Gianiet al., Eur. Phys. J. C82, 507 (2022)

  • [25]

    S. A. Kulagin, EPJ Web Conf.138, 01006 (2017)

  • [26]

    EMC Collaboration, Phys. Lett. B123, 275 (1983)

  • [27]

    L. Stodolsky, Phys. Rev. Lett.18, 135 (1967)

  • [28]

    V. N. Gribov, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz.57, 1306 (1969)

  • [29]

    N. N. Nikolaev and V. I. Zakharov, Phys. Lett. B55, 397 (1975)

  • [30]

    V. I. Zakharov and N. N. Nikolaev, Sov. J. Nucl. Phys.21, 227 (1975)

  • [31]

    N. N. Nikolaev and B.G. Zakharov, Z. Phys. C49, 607 (1991)

  • [32]

    N. N. Nikolaev, Sov. Phys. Usp.24, 531 (1981)

  • [33]

    V. N. Gribov and L. N. Lipatov, Sov. J. Nucl. Phys.15, 438 (1972)

  • [34]

    L. N. Lipatov, Sov. J. Nucl. Phys.20, 94 (1975)

  • [35]

    G. Altarelli and G. Parisi, Nucl. Phys. B126, 298 (1977)

  • [36]

    Yu. L. Dokshitzer, Sov. Phys. JETP46, 641 (1977)

  • [37]

    A. W. Denniston, T. Jezo, A. Kusinaet al., Phys. Rev. Lett.133, 152502 (2024)

  • [38]

    K. J. Eskola, P. Paakkinen, H. Paukkunenet al., Eur. Phys. J. C82, 413 (2022)

  • [39]

    P. Duwentäster, T. Ježo, M. Klasenet al., Phys. Rev. D105, 114043 (2022)

  • [40]

    H. Khanpour, M. Soleymaninia, S. A. Tehraniet al., Phys. Rev. D104, 034010 (2021)

  • [41]

    I. Helenius, M. Walt, and W. Vogelsang, Phys. Rev. D105, 094031 (2022)

  • [42]

    R. Wang, R. Dupre, Y. Huanget al., Phys. Rev. C99, 035205 (2018)

  • [43]

    C. A. Garcia Canalet al., Phys. Rev. Lett.53, 1430 (1984)

  • [44]

    M. Staszel, J. Rozynek, and G. Wilk, Phys. Rev. D29, 2638 (1984)

  • [45]

    S. V. Akulinichev, S. Shlomo, S. A. Kulaginet al., Phys. Rev. Lett.55, 2239 (1985)

  • [46]

    L. L. Frankfurt and M. I. Strikman, Phys. Lett. B183, 254 (1987)

  • [47]

    H. Jung and G. A. Miller, Phys. Lett. B200, 351 (1988)

  • [48]

    C. Ciofi degli Atti, L. P. Kaptari, and S. Scopetta, Eur. Phys. J. A5, 191 (1999)

  • [49]

    G. V. Dunne and A. W. Thomas, Phys. Rev. D33, 2061 (1986)

  • [50]

    F. Gross and S. Liuti, Phys. Rev. C45, 1374 (1992)

  • [51]

    S. A. Kulagin, G. Piller, and W. Weise, Phys. Rev. C50, 1154 (1994)

  • [52]

    S. A. Kulagin and R. Petti, Nucl. Phys. A765, 126 (2006)

  • [53]

    S. A. Kulagin and R. Petti, Phys. Rev. C90, 045204 (2014)

  • [54]

    A.V. Kotikov, B. G. Shaikhatdenov, and P. M. Zhang, Phys. Rev. D96, 114002 (2017)

  • [55]

    A. V. Kotikov, B. G. Shaikhatdenov, and P. M. Zhang, Phys. Part. Nucl. Lett.16, 311 (2019)

  • [56]

    A.V. Kotikov, A.V. Lipatov, and P. M. Zhang, JETP. Lett.119, 745 (2024)

  • [57]

    R. L. Jaffe, F. E. Close, R. G. Robertset al., Phys. Lett. B134, 449 (1984)

  • [58]

    O. Nachtmann and H. J. Pirner, Z. Phys. C21, 277 (1984)

  • [59]

    F. E. Close, R. L. Jaffe, R. G. Robertset al., Phys. Rev. D31, 1004 (1985)

  • [60]

    F. E. Close, R. G. Roberts, and G. G. Ross, Nucl. Phys. D296, 582 (1988)

  • [61]

    F. E. Close, R. G. Roberts, and G. G. Ross, Phys. Lett. B129, 346 (1983)

  • [62]

    R. L. Jaffe, Phys. Rev. Lett.50, 228 (1983)

  • [63]

    M. Hirai, S. Kumano, and T.-H. Nagai, Phys. Rev. C70, 04495 (2004)

  • [64]

    M. Hirai, S. Kumano, and T.-H. Nagai, Phys. Rev. C76, 065207 (2007)

  • [65]

    K. J. Eskola, Nucl. Phys. A910, 163 (2013)

  • [66]

    V. Barone, Z. Phys. C58, 541 (1993)

  • [67]

    N. A. Abdulov, A.V. Kotikov, and A.V. Lipatov, Phys. Part. Nucl. Lett.20, 557 (2023)

  • [68]

    A.V. Kotikov and A.V. Lipatov, Phys. Rev. D111, 094009 (2025)

  • [69]

    N. A. Abdulov, A.V. Kotikov, and A.V. Lipatov, Particles5, 535 (2022)

  • [70]

    A.Yu. Illarionov, A.V. Kotikov, S. S. Parzyckiet al., Phys. Rev. D83, 034014 (2011)

  • [71]

    C. Lopez and F. J. Yndurain, Nucl. Phys. B171, 231 (1980)

  • [72]

    NMC Collaboration, Phys. Rev. D50, R1 (1994)

  • [73]

    A. V. Kotikov, V. G. Krivokhizhin, and B. G. Shaikhatdenov, Phys. Atom. Nucl.81, 244 (2018)

  • [74]

    A.V. Kotikov and G. Parente, Nucl. Phys. B549, 242 (1999)

  • [75]

    A.Yu. Illarionov, A.V. Kotikov, and G. Parente, Phys. Part. Nucl.39, 307 (2008)

  • [76]

    L. Mankiewicz, A. Saalfeld, and T. Weigl, Phys. Lett. B393, 175 (1997)

  • [77]

    A. De Rujula, S. L. Glashow, H. D. Politzeret al., Phys. Rev. D10, 1649 (1974)

  • [78]

    C. Lopez and F. J. Yndurain, Nucl. Phys. B183, 157 (1981)

  • [79]

    N. N. Nikolaev and B. G. Zakharov, Phys. Lett. B327, 157 (1994)

  • [80]

    B. Escoubes, M. J. Herrero, C. Lopezet al., Nucl. Phys. B242, 329 (1984)

  • [81]

    A. Bodek and J. L. Ritchie, Phys. Rev. D23, 1070 (1981)

  • [82]

    L. L. Frankfurt and M. I. Strikman, Nucl. Phys. B181, 22 (1981)

  • [83]

    M. Wang, G. Audi, A. H. Wapstraet al., Chin. Phys. C36, 1603 (2012)

  • [84]

    Particle Data Group Collaboration, Phys. Rev. D110, 030001 (2024)

  • [85]

    A.V. Kotikov, A.V. Lipatov, and N. P. Zotov, JETP101, 811 (2005)

  • [86]

    G. Cvetic, A. Yu. Illarionov, B. A. Kniehlet al., Phys. Lett. B679, 350 (2009)

  • [87]

    www.gnuplot.info.

  • [88]

    E. P. Segarra, T. Ježo, A. Accardiet al., Phys. Rev. D103, 114015 (2021)

  • [89]

    L. D. McLerran and R. Venugopalan, Phys. Rev. D49, 2233 (1994)

  • [90]

    L. D. McLerran and R. Venugopalan, Phys. Rev. D49, 3352 (1994)

  • [91]

    A. H. Mueller, Nucl. Phys. A724, 223 (2003)

  • [92]

    K. Rummukainen and H. Weigert, Nucl. Phys. A739, 183 (2004)

  • [93]

    Y. V. Kovchegov, Phys. Rev. D61, 074018 (2000)

  • [94]

    E. Levin and K. Tuchin, Nucl. Phys. B573, 833 (2000)

  • [95]

    A.V. Kotikov, Sov. J. Nucl. Phys.50, 127 (1989)

  • [96]

    S. A. Kulagin, J. Phys. Conf. Ser.762, 012072 (2016)

  • [97]

    M. Hirai, S. Kumano, and T. H. Nagai, Phys. Rev. D71, 113007 (2005)

  • [98]

    K. J. Escola and H. Paukkunen, JHEP2006, 008 (2006)

  • [99]

    R. L. Jaffe, arXiv: 1811.05615 [hep-ph]

Baidu
map