\begin{document}$ \Lambda$\end{document} polarization. Recently, the ALICE collaboration measured the transverse momentum (\begin{document}$p_T$\end{document}) and the collision centrality dependence of \begin{document}$K^*$\end{document}, and \begin{document}$\phi$\end{document} spin alignments during Pb-Pb collisions at \begin{document}$\sqrt {{s_{{\rm NN}}}}$\end{document} = 2.76 TeV. A large signal is observed in the low \begin{document}$p_T$\end{document} region of mid-central collisions for \begin{document}$K^*$\end{document}, while the signal is much smaller for \begin{document}$\phi$\end{document}, and these have not been understood yet. Since vector mesons have different lifetimes and their decay products have different scattering cross sections, they suffer from different hadronic effects. In this paper, we study the effect of hadronic interactions on the spin alignment of \begin{document}$K^*$\end{document}, \begin{document}$\phi$\end{document}, and \begin{document}$\rho$\end{document} mesons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions with a multi-phase transport model. We find that hadronic scatterings lead to a deviation of the observed spin alignment matrix element \begin{document}$\rho_{00}$\end{document} away from the true value for \begin{document}$\rho$\end{document} and \begin{document}$K^*$\end{document} mesons (with a bigger effect on \begin{document}$\rho$\end{document}) while the effect is negligible for the \begin{document}$\phi$\end{document} meson. The effect depends on the kinematic acceptance: the observed \begin{document}$\rho_{00}$\end{document} value is lower than the true value when the pseudorapidity (\begin{document}$\eta$\end{document}) coverage is small, while there is little effect when the \begin{document}$\eta$\end{document} coverage is large. Hence, this study provides valuable information to understand the vector meson spin alignment signals observed during the experiments."> The effect of hadronic scatterings on the measurement of vector meson spin alignments in heavy-ion collisions -
  • [1]

    E. Shuryak, Rev. Mod. Phys.89, 035001 (2017

  • [2]

    M. Gyulassy and L. McLerran, Nucl. Phys. A750, 30 (2005

  • [3]

    P. Braun-Munzinger, V. Koch, T. Schferet al., Phys. Rept.621, 76 (2016

  • [4]

    J. Chen, D. Keane, Y.-G. Maet al., Phys. Rept.760, 1 (2018

  • [5]

    Z.-T. Liang and X.-N. Wang, Phys. Rev. Lett.94, 102301 (2005), erratum: [Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 039901 (2006)]

  • [6]

    S. A. Voloshin, (2004), arXiv: nucl-th/0410089

  • [7]

    F. Becattini and I. Karpenko, Phys. Rev. Lett.120, 012302 (2018

  • [8]

    Z.-T. Liang and X.-N. Wang, Phys. Lett. B629, 20 (2005

  • [9]

    J. I. Kapusta, E. Rrapaj, and S. Rudaz, Phys. Rev. C101, 031901 (2020

  • [10]

    Y.-G. Yang, R.-H. Fang, Q. Wanget al., Phys. Rev. C97, 034917 (2018

  • [11]

    J.-J. Zhang, R.-H. Fang, Q. Wanget al., Phys. Rev. C100, 064904 (2019

  • [12]

    X.-G. Huang, P. Huovinen, and X.-N. Wang, Phys. Rev. C84, 054910 (2011

  • [13]

    W. Florkowski, A. Kumar, R. Ryblewskiet al., Phys. Rev. C99, 044910 (2019

  • [14]

    X.-L. Xia, H. Li, X.-G. Huanget al., (2020), arXiv: 2010.01474 [nucl-th]

  • [15]

    T. Shao, J. Chen, C. M. Koet al., Chin. Phys. C44, 114001 (2020

  • [16]

    Z.-T. Liang, J. Song, I. Upsalet al., Chin. Phys. C45, 014102 (2021

  • [17]

    S. Acharyaet al. (ALICE Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett.125, 012301 (2020

  • [18]

    S. Acharyaet al. (ALICE Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C101, 044611 (2020

  • [19]

    J. Adamet al. (STAR Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C98, 014910 (2018

  • [20]

    L. Adamczyket al. (STAR Collaboration), Nature548, 62 (2017

  • [21]

    B. I. Abelevet al. (STAR Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C77, 061902 (2008

  • [22]

    C.-S. Zhou (STAR Collaboration), Nucl. Phys. A982, 559 (2019

  • [23]

    W. Florkowski, A. Kumar, and R. Ryblewski, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys.108, 103709 (2019

  • [24]

    Y.-C. Liu and X.-G. Huang, Nucl. Sci. Tech.31, 56 (2020

  • [25]

    J.-H. Gao, G.-L. Ma, S. Puet al., Nucl. Sci. Tech.31, 90 (2020

  • [26]

    K. Schilling, P. Seyboth, and G. Wolf, Nucl. Phys. B15, 397 (1970

  • [27]

    X.-L. Sheng, L. Oliva, and Q. Wang, Phys. Rev. D101, 096005 (2020

  • [28]

    X.-G. Huang, (2020), arXiv: 2002.07549[nucl-th]

  • [29]

    Z.-W. Lin, C. M. Ko, B.-A. Liet al., Phys. Rev. C72, 064901 (2005

  • [30]

    X.-N. Wang and M. Gyulassy, Phys. Rev. D44, 3501 (1991

  • [31]

    B. Zhang, Comput. Phys. Commun.109, 193 (1998

  • [32]

    T. Sjostrand, Comput. Phys. Commun.82, 74 (1994

  • [33]

    Z.-W. Lin and C. Ko, Phys. Rev. C65, 034904 (2002

  • [34]

    Y.-C. He and Z.-W. Lin, Phys. Rev. C96, 014910 (2017

  • [35]

    B.-A. Li and C. M. Ko, Phys. Rev. C52, 2037 (1995

  • [36]

    S. Lan, Z.-W. Lin, S. Shi, and X. Sun, Phys. Lett. B780, 319 (2018

  • [37]

    A.-H. Tang, B. Tu, and C.-S. Zhou, Phys. Rev. C98, 044907 (2018

  • [38]

    E. Bratkovskaya, W. Cassing, V. Konchakovskiet al., Nucl. Phys. A856, 162 (2011

  • [39]

    J. Weilet al., Phys. Rev. C94, 054905 (2016

  • [40]

    B. Zhang, L.-W. Chen, and C. M. Ko, J. Phys. G35, 065103 (2008

Baidu
map